All Art Styles from Gothic to Pop art

Abstract art
Abstract art is generally understood to mean art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses colour and form in a non-representational way. In the very early 20th century, the term was more often used to describe art, such as Cubist and Futurist art. Such paintings were often claimed to capture something of the depicted objects' immutable intrinsic qualities rather than its external appearance. Constructivism (1915) and De Stijl (1917) were parallel movements which took abstraction into the three dimensions of sculpture and architecture. Even though many people claim that the German expressionist Franz Marc was the first artist who made a real abstract painting, it is not really clear.


Famous Artists
Franz Marc , Kasimir Malewitsch , Theo van Doesburg , Umberto Boccioni , Wilhelm Morgner

Baroque
The word baroque derives probably from the ancient Portuguese noun "barroco" which is a pearl that is not round but of unpredictable and elaborate shape. In the arts, Baroque is a period as well as the style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music. Some traits and aspects of Baroque paintings which can allow one to differenciate this style of art from other styles are the abundant amount of details, the often bright polychromy, the less realist faces of subjects, and an overall sense of awe, which is one of the artist's overall goals in the baroque painting The style started around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. Baroque employed an iconography that was direct, simple, obvious, and dramatic. Baroque art drew on certain broad and heroic tendencies and carried out many times religious themes.



Famous Artists
Michelangelo Caravaggio , Jan Bruegel d. Ä. , Peter Paul Rubens , Jan Vermeer van Delft , Diego Velázquez

Expressionism
Expressionism, as it was generally known, developed almost simultaneously in different countries from about 1905. Characterized by heightened, symbolic colors and exaggerated imagery, it was German Expressionism in particular that tended to dwell on the darker, sinister aspects of the human psyche. The Expressionists had many influences, among them Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and African art. They also came to know the work being done by the Fauves in Paris. There were a number of Expressionist groups in painting, including “Der Blaue Reiter” (the blue rider) and “Die Brücke” (the bridge). Both expressionist movements emerged in Germany in the early decades of the 20th century. Famous expressionist painter where Franz Marc, August Macke, Wassilli Kandinsky and Felix Vallotton. Later in the 20th century, the movement influenced a large number of other artists, including the abstract expressionists, the latter consisting primarily of American artists such as Jackson Pollock.



Famous Artists
Richard Gerstl , August Macke , Franz Marc , Egon Schiele , Amadeo Modigliani

Impressionism
Impressionism was a 19th century art movement that began as a loose association of artists from Paris, who began exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s. The name of the movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise. Characteristics of Impressionist painting include visible brushstrokes, open composition, emphasis on light in its changing qualities and ordinary subject matter. Moreover, the Impressionists also took the act of painting out of the studio and into the world. Previously, not only still lifes and portraits, but also landscapes, had been painted indoors, but the Impressionists found that they could capture the momentary and transient effects of sunlight by painting en plein air. They used short, "broken" brush strokes of pure and unmixed color, not smoothly blended, as was the custom at the time. Impressionism became seminal to various movements in painting which would follow, including Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Expressionism, Fauvism, and Cubi sm.



Famous Artists
Paul Cézanne , Paul Gauguin , Vincent Willem van Gogh , Edouard Manet , Camille Pissarro , Max Slevogt , Pierre-Auguste Renoir , Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec , Claude Monet

Neoclassicism
Neoclassicism is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw upon Western classical art and culture - usually that of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome. In the visual arts the European movement called "neoclassicism" began after ca. 1765, as a reaction against both the surviving Baroque and Rococo styles, and as a desire to return to the perceived "purity" of the arts of Rome and Greek. Neoclassicism first gained influence in England and France, through a generation of French art students trained in Rome.



Famous Artists
Anselm Feuerbach , Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres , Jacques-Louis David , Benjamin West , François Pascal Simon Gérard

Cubism
Cubism was a 20th century art movement that revolutionized European painting and inspired related movements in music and literature. It developed as a short but highly significant art movement between about 1907 and 1914 starting in France and Spain. In cubist artworks, objects are broken up, analyzed, and re-assembled in an abstracted form. Instead of depicting objects from one viewpoint, the artist depicts the subject from a multitude of viewpoints to represent the subject in a greater context. It is clear that the roots of cubism are to be found in Cézanne's later work. After meeting in 1907 Braque and Picasso in particular began working on the development of Cubism in 1908 and worked closely together until the outbreak of World War I in 1911.



Famous Artists
Theo van Doesburg , Umberto Boccioni , Juan Gris , Kasimir Malewitsch

Mannerism
Mannerism is a period of European painting lasting from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520 until the arrival of the Baroque around 1600. Stylistically, it identifies a variety of individual approaches influenced by the harmonious ideals associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. Mannerism is notable for its artificial, as opposed to naturalistic, and its intellectual qualities. The word derives from the Italian maniera, or "style," which corresponds to an artist's characteristic "touch" or recognizable "manner". Artificiality, as opposed to Renaissance and Baroque naturalism, provides one of the common features of mannerist art.As a stylistic label, "Mannerism" is not easily pigeonholed. It was first popularized by German art historians in the early twentieth-century to categorize the seemingly uncategorizable art of the Italian sixteenth century.



Famous Artists
Domenico Beccafumi , El Greco , Jacopo Tintoretto , Niccolò dell' Abbate , Angelo Bronzino

Pop Art
Pop art is a visual artistic movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the United States. The term was used by British art curator Lawrence Alloway. Pop art is one of the major art movements of the twentieth century. Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from popular mass culture, such as advertising and comic books, pop art is widely interpreted as either a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract art and abstract expressionism. Pop art, like pop music, aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture. Pop art and minimalism are considered to be the last modern art movements and thus the precursors to postmodern art, or some of the earliest examples of post art themselves.



Famous Artists
Renate Berghaus , Javier Joaquin , Monika Dümmel , Ludwig Caly ,

Realism
Realism in the visual arts is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. The term is also used to describe works of art which, in revealing a truth, may emphasize the ugly or sordid. Realism also refers to a mid-19th century cultural movement with its roots in France, where it was a very popular art form around the mid to late 1800’s. Realism came up with the introduction of photography - a new visual source that created a desire for people to produce things that look “objectively real”. Realism was heavily against romanticism, a genre dominating French literature and artwork in the mid 19th century. Truth and accuracy became the goals of many Realists. Realists render everyday characters, situations, dilemmas, and objects, all in a "true-to-life" manner.



Famous Artists
Gustave Courbet , Francisco de Goya y Lucientes , Adolf Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel , Ilja Jefimowitsch Repin , Hans Thoma

Renaissance
The Renaissance (rebirth), was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed the revival of learning based on classical sources, the rise of courtly and papal patronage, the development of perspective in painting, and advancements in science. The Renaissance had wide-ranging consequences in all intellectual pursuits, but is perhaps best known for its artistic aspect and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo or Raphael. One of the distinguishing features of Renaissance art was its development of highly realistic linear perspective, which became a wider trend towards realism in the arts.



Famous Artists
Albrecht Altdorfer , Hieronymus Bosch , Sandro Botticelli , Albrecht Dürer , Tizian , Lucas Cranach d. Ä. , Pieter Bruegel d. Ä. , Leonardo da Vinci

Rococo
The Rococo style of art emerged in France in the early 18th century as a continuation of the Baroque style. In contrast to the heavier themes and darker colours of the Baroque, the Rococo style was characterized by an opulence, grace, playfulness, and lightness. Rococo motifs focused on the carefree aristocratic life and on lighthearted romance rather than heroic battles or religious figures. Also some works show a sort of naughtiness or impurity, showing the historical trend of departing away from the Baroque's church and state orientation. Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684–1721) is generally considered the first great Rococo painter. He had a great influence on later painters, including François Boucher (1703–1770) and Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806), two masters of the late period.



Famous Artists
François Boucher , Antoine Watteau , Pietro Longhi , Jean-Honoré Fragonard , Sebastiano Ricci

Romanticism
Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in 18th century Western Europe during the Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature in art and literature. It stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature. The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution are thought to have influenced the movement. There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability in the representation of its ideas.



Famous Artists
Carl Blechen , John Constable , Caspar David Friedrich , Adrian Ludwig Richter , Joseph Mallord William Turner , Carl Spitzweg

Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural mo jwcid="@StaticLink" styleid="ognl:105l"vement that began in the mid-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur. Many artworks also where inspired by the theory and the psychoanalytic methods of Sigmund Freud. However many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost with the works being an artifact, and leader André Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement. From the Dada activities of World War I Surrealism was formed with the most important center of the movement in Paris and from the 1920s spreading around the globe.



Famous Artists
Henri Rousseau , Gustave Moreau , Odilon Redon , Peter Hüging , Wolfgang Rüppel , Silvian Sternhagel